September 2026 Compilation · Monthly Current Affairs

Banking and RBI

State Government Securities auction of 1 September 2026: Assam, Bihar and Chhattisgarh

1 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

RBI published the full result of the State Government Securities auction held on 1 September 2026. Assam SGS 2046 (notified Rs 1,000 crore) had a cut-off yield of 7.7585 per cent; Bihar SGS 2035 (Rs 800 crore) 7.6494 per cent; Bihar SGS 2051, a 25-year security (Rs 1,200 crore), 7.76 per cent; and Chhattisgarh SGS 2035 (Rs 500 crore) 7.6403 per cent.

Exam takeaway: SGS are State Government Securities, issued to fund state borrowing.

Quick revision: State securities auction result (RBI, 1 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

Forex swap facility draws US$ 1,36,377 million till 31 August 2026

2 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

RBI said the special USD-INR Forex Swap facility covering FCNR(B) deposits, ECB and OFCB inflows was introduced on 8 June 2026. As announced on 14 August 2026, it was open till 31 August 2026 for FCNR(B) deposits and will remain open up to 31 December 2026 for ECBs and OFCBs.

Provisional inflows reported by Authorised Dealer banks till 31 August 2026 were US$ 1,27,226 million via FCNR(B) deposits, US$ 5,260 million via OFCBs and US$ 3,891 million via ECBs, a total of US$ 1,36,377 million.

Exam takeaway: OFCB means Overseas Foreign Currency Borrowing and ECB means External Commercial Borrowing.

Quick revision: Swap facility inflows till 31 August (RBI, 2 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

Underwriting auction notified for Rs 32,000 crore of Government securities on 4 September 2026

3 September 2026 (announcement) | Reserve Bank of India

RBI said the Government of India announced the sale of securities worth Rs 32,000 crore through auction on 4 September 2026: New GS 2031 for Rs 21,000 crore and 7.71% GS 2066 for Rs 11,000 crore. The release sets underwriting commitments for Primary Dealers.

The Minimum Underwriting Commitment per Primary Dealer is Rs 500 crore for New GS 2031 and Rs 262 crore for 7.71% GS 2066, with equal minimum bidding commitments under the Additional Competitive Underwriting (ACU) auction. The auction is scheduled; its result is a separate release.

Exam takeaway: MUC and ACU are the two underwriting layers for Primary Dealers.

Quick revision: Rs 32,000 crore G-Sec auction on 4 September (RBI, 3 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

Underwriting auction of 4 September 2026: New GS 2031 and 7.71% GS 2066 fully underwritten

4 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

RBI said that in the underwriting auction conducted on 4 September 2026 for Additional Competitive Underwriting (ACU), the full amounts of New GS 2031 (Rs 21,000 crore) and 7.71% GS 2066 (Rs 11,000 crore) were underwritten.

The ACU commission cut-off rate payable to Primary Dealers was 0.27 paise per Rs 100 for New GS 2031 and 0.62 paise per Rs 100 for 7.71% GS 2066.

Exam takeaway: The Minimum Underwriting Commitment for New GS 2031 was Rs 10,500 crore.

Quick revision: Underwriting auction result (RBI, 4 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

SGB 2021-22 Series VI premature redemption price fixed at Rs 15,334 per unit

4 September 2026 (carried forward; released on 4 September) | Reserve Bank of India

Carried forward from 4 September 2026: RBI announced that premature redemption of Sovereign Gold Bond SGB 2021-22 Series VI (issue date 7 September 2021) is due on 7 September 2026, after the fifth year from issue on an interest payment date.

The redemption price is Rs 15,334 per unit, based on the simple average of the closing price of gold of 999 purity of the previous three business days, as published by the India Bullion and Jewellers Association Ltd (IBJA).

Exam takeaway: Premature redemption of SGB is permitted after the fifth year.

Quick revision: SGB redemption price (RBI, release dated 4 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI penalises three credit information companies, total Rs 34,91,800

5 September 2026 (media report; orders dated 31 August 2026) | FinTech BizNews (media report; primary RBI page not read)

FinTech BizNews reported that RBI imposed monetary penalties totalling Rs 34,91,800 on three Credit Information Companies - Equifax, CRIF High Mark and TransUnion CIBIL - with the highest penalty on TransUnion CIBIL.

On Equifax Credit Information Services Private Limited, an order dated 31 August 2026 imposed Rs 1,19,400 for non-compliance with directions on the framework for compensation to customers for delayed updation or rectification of credit information, under Section 25(1)(iii) read with Section 23(4) of the Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act, 2005.

Exam takeaway: CICs are regulated under the Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act, 2005.

Quick revision: RBI penalties on three CICs (FinTech BizNews, 5 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

SGB 2020-21 Series VI premature redemption price fixed at Rs 15,384 per unit

7 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

RBI announced that premature redemption of Sovereign Gold Bond SGB 2020-21 Series VI (issue date 8 September 2020) is due on 8 September 2026. The redemption price is Rs 15,384 per unit, based on the simple average of the closing price of 999-purity gold of the previous three business days as published by IBJA.

Premature redemption is permitted after the fifth year from the date of issue, on a date when interest is payable.

Exam takeaway: The 7 September tranche carried a price of Rs 15,334 per unit.

Quick revision: SGB 2020-21 Series VI redemption price (RBI, 7 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI launches September 2026 round of Inflation Expectations Survey of Households across 19 cities

8 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

RBI said the September 2026 round of the Inflation Expectations Survey of Households (IESH) is being launched. The survey captures subjective assessments of price movements and inflation based on individual consumption baskets across 19 cities, including Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Delhi, Mumbai and Thiruvananthapuram.

It seeks qualitative responses on price changes three months ahead and one year ahead, and quantitative responses on current, three-month-ahead and one-year-ahead inflation rates.

Exam takeaway: The survey measures perceptions, not actual price indices.

Quick revision: Inflation Expectations Survey of Households (RBI, 8 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI recognises Unified Fintech Forum as a Self-Regulatory Organisation in the FinTech sector

10 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

RBI said it had earlier recognised FinTech Association for Consumer Empowerment (FACE) as the first Self-Regulatory Organisation in the FinTech Sector (SRO-FT), by a press release dated 28 August 2024.

It has since received an application from the Unified Fintech Forum (UFF), examined it against the requirements of the framework, and decided to accord recognition to UFF as an SRO-FT.

Exam takeaway: An SRO sets standards and monitors conduct among its members.

Quick revision: UFF recognised as SRO-FT (RBI, 10 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

Government announces Rs 28,000 crore sale of 7.06% GS 2041 and 7.43% GS 2076, auction on 18 September

10 September 2026 (announcement) | Reserve Bank of India

The RBI announced, for the Government of India, the sale (re-issue) of two dated securities for a notified amount of Rs 28,000 crore: 7.06% GS 2041 (Rs 17,000 crore, repayment 27 July 2041) and 7.43% GS 2076 (Rs 11,000 crore, repayment 19 January 2076).

The auction is scheduled for 18 September 2026 with settlement on 21 September. The Government may retain additional subscription up to Rs 2,000 crore against each security. The auction result is a separate release.

Exam takeaway: Total notified amount is Rs 28,000 crore.

Quick revision: Rs 28,000 crore G-Sec auction announced (RBI, 10 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

SGB 2019-20 Series X premature redemption price fixed at Rs 15,328 per unit

10 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

RBI announced that premature redemption of Sovereign Gold Bond SGB 2019-20 Series X (issue date 11 March 2020) is due on 11 September 2026. The redemption price is Rs 15,328 per unit, based on the simple average of the closing price of 999-purity gold of the previous three business days as published by IBJA.

Premature redemption is permitted after the fifth year from the date of issue, on an interest payment date.

Exam takeaway: This is the third SGB redemption price announced in the week.

Quick revision: SGB 2019-20 Series X redemption price (RBI, 10 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI draft KYC Amendment Directions, 2026 on temporary debit holds in money-mule cases

11 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

RBI invited comments on the draft Reserve Bank of India (Know Your Customer) Amendment Directions, 2026. The KYC Directions, 2025 already carry instructions on operations of bank accounts and money mules.

The draft follows a Supreme Court order of 4 August 2026 directing RBI to adopt and circulate a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) prescribing action by banks for placing temporary debit holds on amounts or accounts linked to money-mule activity and cyber-enabled fraud.

Exam takeaway: A money mule is a person whose account is used to move proceeds of fraud.

Quick revision: Draft KYC amendment on money mules (RBI, 11 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI announces OMO sale of Government securities worth Rs 1,00,000 crore in three tranches

11 September 2026 (announcement) | Reserve Bank of India

On a review of current and evolving liquidity conditions, RBI decided to conduct open market operations (OMO) sale auctions of Government of India securities for an aggregate Rs 1,00,000 crore, in three tranches of Rs 50,000 crore, Rs 25,000 crore and Rs 25,000 crore, to be held on 17, 21 and 28 September 2026, using the multi-security multiple price method.

The 17 September tranche offers securities such as 7.59% GS 2029, 6.79% GS 2029 and 7.61% GS 2030, with no security-wise notified amount. These auctions are scheduled; results are separate releases.

Exam takeaway: OMO sales absorb liquidity from the banking system.

Quick revision: OMO sale of Rs 1,00,000 crore announced (RBI, 11 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

G-Sec auction of 11 September 2026: 6.20% GS 2029 partially accepted, New GS 2056 cut-off 7.63%

11 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

In the Government stock auction of 11 September 2026, 6.20% GS 2029 (notified Rs 11,000 crore) had a cut-off price of Rs 99.46, implicit yield 6.4031 per cent, and only Rs 4,505.529 crore was accepted. 6.57% GS 2033 (Rs 11,000 crore) cleared at Rs 98.36, yield 6.8703 per cent, fully accepted.

New GS 2056 (Rs 10,000 crore) had a cut-off yield of 7.63 per cent and was fully accepted. There was no devolvement on Primary Dealers.

Exam takeaway: Devolvement means Primary Dealers take up unsubscribed amounts.

Quick revision: G-Sec auction results (RBI, 11 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI PSL Third Amendment Directions: FCNR(B)/NRE advance exclusion date advanced to 31 August 2026

11 September 2026 (notification dated 11 September; carried into the 12 September edition) | Reserve Bank of India

RBI issued the Priority Sector Lending (Targets and Classification) Third Amendment Directions, 2026 on 11 September 2026. The Second Amendment Directions of 7 August 2026 had excluded from Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANBC) advances against fresh FCNR(B) deposits of three to five years, and NRE term deposits of three years or more, mobilised up to 30 September 2026.

On review, the date 30 September 2026 was amended to 31 August 2026 for these exemptions, with immediate effect. The amount excluded from ANBC cannot exceed the fresh outstanding FCNR(B)/NRE deposits eligible for CRR/SLR exemption.

Exam takeaway: ANBC is the base used to compute priority sector lending targets.

Quick revision: PSL Third Amendment Directions (RBI notification, 11 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI penalises Asset Care & Reconstruction Enterprise Limited Rs 27.30 lakh

11 September 2026 (release; order dated 8 September 2026; carried into the 12 September edition) | Reserve Bank of India

RBI, by an order dated 8 September 2026, imposed a monetary penalty of Rs 27.30 lakh on Asset Care & Reconstruction Enterprise Limited for non-compliance with directions on Income Recognition.

The penalty was imposed under section 12 read with section 30A(1) of the SARFAESI Act, 2002, after a statutory inspection with reference to the company's financial position as on 31 March 2025.

Exam takeaway: SARFAESI is the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act.

Quick revision: RBI penalty on Asset Care & Reconstruction (RBI, 11 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

PIB clarifies new UPI MDR framework: P2P free, 0.4% MDR only on specified merchant payments above Rs 2,000

15 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said all person-to-person UPI transactions remain completely free irrespective of the amount, and person-to-merchant payments up to Rs 2,000 remain free of MDR. Small merchants receiving up to Rs 1 lakh per month through UPI QR codes in the P2PM category continue with zero MDR. About 96 per cent of P2M transactions remain unaffected.

A nominal MDR of 0.4 per cent applies only to specified P2M transactions above Rs 2,000, shared among banks, payment service providers and UPI apps, with a cap of Rs 300 per transaction for transactions of Rs 75,000 and above. PIB said MDR is not a tax or a charge collected by the Government or NPCI, and the framework was introduced under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.

Exam takeaway: MDR stands for Merchant Discount Rate.

Quick revision: UPI MDR framework clarified (PIB, 15 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

Government announces Rs 30,000 crore conversion/switch of securities, auction on 21 September 2026

16 September 2026 (announcement) | Reserve Bank of India

RBI announced that the Government of India will conduct a conversion/switch of its securities through auction for an aggregate Rs 30,000 crore (face value), scheduled for 21 September 2026. Source securities include 8.26% GS 2027 (Rs 2,000 crore) switched into 7.19% GS 2060, and 7.06% GS 2028 (Rs 4,000 crore) switched into 6.79% GS 2034.

This is an announcement; the result is a separate release.

Exam takeaway: A switch exchanges short-dated securities for longer ones to smooth the redemption profile.

Quick revision: G-Sec switch announced (RBI, 16 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

SGB 2019-20 Series IV premature redemption price fixed at Rs 15,173 per unit

16 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

RBI announced that premature redemption of Sovereign Gold Bond SGB 2019-20 Series IV (issue date 17 September 2019) is due on 17 September 2026. The redemption price is Rs 15,173 per unit, based on the simple average of the closing price of 999-purity gold of the previous three business days as published by IBJA.

Exam takeaway: The price is below the Rs 15,328 of the 11 September tranche.

Quick revision: SGB 2019-20 Series IV redemption price (RBI, 16 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

OMO sale of 17 September 2026: Rs 50,000 crore tranche across six securities

17 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

RBI released the cut-offs of the OMO sale of Government securities held on 17 September 2026, the first tranche of the Rs 1,00,000 crore programme announced on 11 September, with an aggregate notified amount of Rs 50,000 crore and no security-wise notified amount.

Face value accepted was Rs 7,005 crore of 7.59% GS 2029, Rs 7,255 crore of 6.79% GS 2029, Rs 1,005 crore of 7.61% GS 2030, Rs 12,645 crore of 5.77% GS 2030, Rs 3,250 crore of 6.68% GS 2031 and Rs 18,840 crore of 8.28% GS 2032. Cut-off yields ranged from 6.6007 per cent to 7.0090 per cent. Detailed results were to be issued separately.

Exam takeaway: The next tranche, of Rs 25,000 crore, is scheduled for 21 September.

Quick revision: OMO sale cut-offs of 17 September (RBI).

Banking and RBI

RBI cancels Certificate of Registration of 5 NBFCs; 8 more surrender theirs

17 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

RBI, exercising powers under Section 45-IA(6) of the RBI Act, 1934, cancelled the Certificate of Registration of five NBFCs, including Dar's Financial Services Pvt Ltd (Kolkata) and Rolta Holding and Finance Corporation Private Limited (Mumbai), by orders dated between 3 and 6 August 2026 for the listed companies.

In a separate release the same day, RBI said eight NBFCs, including Anupam Mercantile Limited, surrendered their Certificates of Registration and RBI therefore cancelled them under the same section.

Exam takeaway: Section 45-IA of the RBI Act governs NBFC registration.

Quick revision: NBFC CoR cancellations (RBI, 17 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

G-Sec auction of 18 September 2026: 7.06% GS 2041 at 7.2305 per cent, 7.43% GS 2076 at 7.6863 per cent

18 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

In the Government stock auction of 18 September 2026, 7.06% GS 2041 (notified Rs 17,000 crore) cleared at a cut-off price of Rs 98.45, implicit yield 7.2305 per cent, and 7.43% GS 2076 (Rs 11,000 crore) at Rs 96.73, yield 7.6863 per cent. Both were fully accepted, with no devolvement on Primary Dealers.

In the underwriting auction the same day, the ACU commission cut-off was 0.43 paise per Rs 100 for 7.06% GS 2041 and 0.72 paise per Rs 100 for 7.43% GS 2076.

Exam takeaway: This was the auction announced on 10 September.

Quick revision: G-Sec auction results of 18 September (RBI).

Banking and RBI

RBI issues final Directions on Minimum Capital Requirements for Market Risk under Basel III

21 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

The RBI issued the Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Minimum Capital Requirements for Market Risk) Directions, 2026 on 21 September 2026. The draft guidelines had been issued on 17 February 2023, proposing the Simplified Standardised Approach (SSA) for computing market risk capital under the revised Basel III framework.

The RBI said feedback on the draft was examined and modifications were incorporated in the final Directions, which aim to align market risk guidelines with the revised Basel III framework while ensuring simplicity of regulations.

Exam takeaway: Market risk capital is the capital banks hold against losses from market price movements.

Quick revision: RBI market risk Directions (21 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI overnight VRRR auction of 21 September 2026: result

21 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

The RBI's result for the Overnight Variable Rate Reverse Repo (VRRR) auction held on 21 September 2026 showed a notified amount of Rs 1,00,000 crore, offers of Rs 75,058 crore and the same amount accepted.

Both the cut-off rate and the weighted average rate were 5.24 per cent for the 1-day tenor.

Exam takeaway: A VRRR auction absorbs surplus liquidity from the banking system.

Quick revision: RBI VRRR result (21 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI releases Supervisory Data Quality Index for scheduled commercial banks (June 2026)

22 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

The RBI released the Supervisory Data Quality Index (sDQI) for scheduled commercial banks for June 2026 on 22 September 2026. It measures data quality in terms of accuracy, timeliness, completeness and consistency in the submission of returns and microdata for supervisory assessments.

The RBI said the index assesses adherence to the principles in its Commercial Banks and Small Finance Banks Supervisory Returns Directions, 2026.

Exam takeaway: sDQI measures the quality of data banks submit to the supervisor.

Quick revision: RBI sDQI release (22 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

Banks to remain open on Sunday 27 September 2026 ahead of proposed UFBU strike

23 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said that, in view of the proposed three-day nationwide bank strike called by the United Forum of Bank Unions (UFBU) from 28 to 30 September 2026, all Public Sector Banks and Regional Rural Banks will function normally on Sunday, 27 September 2026.

The RBI granted approval for all bank branches, offices, ATM-link branches and Currency Chests to remain fully operational on 27 September. The Government and bank managements have appealed to the unions to defer the proposed strike.

Exam takeaway: This is an announcement of arrangements; the strike was described as proposed.

Quick revision: Banks open on 27 September (PIB, 23 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI overnight VRRR auction of 23 September 2026: result

23 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

The RBI's result for the Overnight Variable Rate Reverse Repo (VRRR) auction held on 23 September 2026 showed a notified amount of Rs 75,000 crore, offers of Rs 87,993 crore and Rs 75,026 crore accepted.

The cut-off rate and the weighted average rate were both 5.24 per cent, with a partial acceptance percentage of 75.93 at the cut-off rate.

Exam takeaway: Partial acceptance applies when offers at the cut-off rate exceed the amount to be accepted.

Quick revision: RBI VRRR result (23 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI announces OMO sale of Government of India securities worth Rs 25,000 crore for 28 September

23 September 2026 (announcement) | Reserve Bank of India

On 23 September 2026 the RBI announced that it will conduct an Open Market Operation (OMO) sale auction of Government of India securities for an aggregate Rs 25,000 crore on 28 September 2026, as first announced in its release of 11 September 2026.

Six securities are on offer, from the 7.59% GS 2029 to the 7.26% GS 2032, with no security-wise notified amount. This is an announced auction; the result is not reported here.

Exam takeaway: An OMO sale absorbs liquidity by selling securities to the market.

Quick revision: RBI OMO sale announcement (23 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI overnight VRRR auction of 24 September 2026: result

24 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

The RBI's result for the Overnight Variable Rate Reverse Repo (VRRR) auction held on 24 September 2026 showed a notified amount of Rs 1,25,000 crore, with offers of Rs 1,01,399 crore all accepted.

The cut-off rate and the weighted average rate were both 5.24 per cent.

Exam takeaway: Full acceptance means partial acceptance did not apply.

Quick revision: RBI VRRR result (24 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI imposes Rs 3.10 lakh penalty on Ola Financial Services for KYC non-compliance

24 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

By an order dated 24 September 2026 the RBI imposed a monetary penalty of Rs 3.10 lakh on Ola Financial Services Private Limited for non-compliance with its Know Your Customer (KYC) directions, under section 30(1) read with section 26(6) of the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.

The sustained charge was that the company failed to carry out risk categorisation of certain customers. The statutory inspection covered January 2025 to November 2025.

Exam takeaway: The action rests on supervisory findings and does not comment on the validity of any transaction.

Quick revision: RBI penalty on Ola Financial Services (24 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI sets WMA limit of Rs 50,000 crore for Government of India for October 2026 to March 2027

25 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

The RBI, in consultation with the Government of India, decided on 25 September 2026 that the Ways and Means Advances (WMA) limit for the second half of FY 2026-27 (October 2026 to March 2027) will be Rs 50,000 crore.

The RBI may trigger fresh floatation of market loans when the Government utilises 75 per cent of the WMA limit. The interest rate on WMA is the Repo Rate, and on Overdraft it is two percentage points above the Repo Rate.

Exam takeaway: WMA is a short-term RBI facility for temporary mismatches in Government receipts and payments.

Quick revision: RBI WMA limit (25 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI 3-day VRRR auction of 25 September 2026: result

25 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

The RBI's result for the 3-day Variable Rate Reverse Repo (VRRR) auction held on 25 September 2026 showed a notified amount of Rs 1,50,000 crore, with offers of Rs 90,280 crore all accepted.

The cut-off rate and the weighted average rate were both 5.24 per cent.

Exam takeaway: This was a 3-day auction, unlike the overnight auctions earlier in the week.

Quick revision: RBI 3-day VRRR result (25 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

Auction of 6.94% GS 2036: Rs 34,000 crore accepted at cut-off yield 7.1450%

25 September 2026 (carried forward from the 25 September auction) | Reserve Bank of India

Carried forward from 25 September 2026: the RBI's auction result for the 6.94% GS 2036 showed a notified amount of Rs 34,000 crore, a cut-off price of Rs 98.58 and an implicit yield at cut-off of 7.1450 per cent.

The full Rs 34,000 crore was accepted, and there was no devolvement on Primary Dealers.

Exam takeaway: Nil devolvement means Primary Dealers were not left holding unsubscribed stock.

Quick revision: RBI G-Sec auction result (25 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI OMO sale of 28 September 2026: cut-offs for six Government securities

28 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

The RBI's cut-off release for the OMO sale of Government of India securities held on 28 September 2026 showed an aggregate notified amount of Rs 25,000 crore with no security-wise notified amount. The largest acceptance was Rs 14,350 crore in the 6.54% GS 2032, followed by Rs 6,450 crore in the 7.26% GS 2032.

Cut-off yields ranged from 6.6676 per cent for the 7.59% GS 2029 to 7.1021 per cent for the 7.26% GS 2032, as listed in the release. Detailed results were to be issued later.

Exam takeaway: The sale was announced on 23 September 2026.

Quick revision: RBI OMO sale cut-offs (28 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI places Advisory Committee report on WMA to State Governments on its website

29 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

On 29 September 2026 the RBI placed on its website the Report of the Advisory Committee on Ways and Means Advances (WMA) to State Governments. The Committee was chaired by I S N Prasad, former Additional Chief Secretary, Government of Karnataka.

Its terms of reference included a review of State-wise WMA limits and other financial accommodation facilities available to the States. The RBI said the Committee's recommendations will be examined by the Reserve Bank.

Exam takeaway: The RBI will examine the recommendations; none are reported as adopted.

Quick revision: RBI Advisory Committee on State WMA (29 September 2026).

Banking and RBI

RBI overnight VRRR auction of 30 September 2026: result

30 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

The RBI's result for the Overnight Variable Rate Reverse Repo (VRRR) auction held on 30 September 2026 showed a notified amount of Rs 2,00,000 crore, with offers of Rs 85,424 crore all accepted.

The cut-off rate and the weighted average rate were both 5.24 per cent.

Exam takeaway: Offers fell short of the notified amount, so all were accepted.

Quick revision: RBI VRRR result (30 September 2026).

Economy and Finance

India's real GDP grows 7.8 per cent in Q1 of 2026-27, PIB review says

1 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB's review said real GDP growth accelerated to 7.8 per cent in Q1 of 2026-27, the highest Q1 growth in the four years from 2023-24 to 2026-27, while real GVA rose 8.2 per cent. Investment rose 11.9 per cent, household consumption 7.1 per cent and exports 12.0 per cent.

In July, industrial production rose 6.7 per cent, and cumulative merchandise and services exports during April-July rose 13.16 per cent year on year. Credit to industry and services grew 20.0 per cent and 22.9 per cent in July.

Exam takeaway: GVA is gross value added, GDP minus net product taxes.

Quick revision: India's Q1 2026-27 GDP growth (PIB, 1 September 2026).

Economy and Finance

Two VRRR auctions on 1 September 2026: 7-day Rs 1,14,320 crore, overnight Rs 2,59,846 crore

1 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

In the 7-day Variable Rate Reverse Repo (VRRR) auction of 1 September 2026, against a notified amount of Rs 6,00,000 crore, offers of Rs 1,14,320 crore were received and all accepted at a cut-off rate of 5.24 per cent.

In the overnight (1-day) VRRR auction held the same day, against a notified amount of Rs 4,00,000 crore, offers of Rs 2,59,846 crore were received and all accepted, also at 5.24 per cent. A separate RBI release on money market operations of 31 August gave the overnight weighted average rate as 4.98 per cent.

Exam takeaway: VRRR absorbs liquidity; notified amount and accepted amount can differ.

Quick revision: VRRR results of 1 September 2026 (RBI).

Economy and Finance

Overnight VRRR auction of 2 September 2026 accepts Rs 4,59,843 crore

2 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

In the overnight (1-day) Variable Rate Reverse Repo auction held on 2 September 2026, against a notified amount of Rs 5,00,000 crore, offers of Rs 4,59,843 crore were received and all accepted at a cut-off rate of 5.24 per cent.

RBI also announced a further overnight VRRR auction for 3 September 2026 with a notified amount of Rs 6,00,000 crore, reversing on 4 September. This is an announcement; the result is a separate release.

Exam takeaway: Acceptance equalled offers received, so there was no partial acceptance.

Quick revision: Overnight VRRR result of 2 September (RBI).

Economy and Finance

Ministry releases additional information on the new GDP series with base year 2022-23

2 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the Ministry released the Updated Series of Annual and Quarterly GDP estimates with base year 2022-23 on 31 August 2026, using the new Output Producer Price Index (PPI) and Banking Services Price Index (BkSPI) with the same base year and updated administrative data.

The additional information released on 2 September relates mainly to the adoption of the double deflation methodology and resulting negative implicit deflators, comparison with CPI and WPI, and comparison of new and old series growth rates, as a set of questions and answers.

Exam takeaway: Double deflation deflates output and input values separately.

Quick revision: GDP new series Q&A (PIB, 2 September 2026).

Economy and Finance

Second overnight VRRR auction of 3 September 2026 accepts Rs 34,652 crore

3 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

In the second overnight (1-day) Variable Rate Reverse Repo auction held on 3 September 2026, against a notified amount of Rs 1,50,000 crore, offers of Rs 34,652 crore were received and all accepted at a cut-off rate of 5.24 per cent.

Separately, RBI announced a 3-day VRRR auction for 4 September 2026 with a notified amount of Rs 7,00,000 crore, reversing on 7 September. This is an announcement; the result is a separate release.

Exam takeaway: Offers fell well short of the notified amount.

Quick revision: Second overnight VRRR result of 3 September (RBI).

Economy and Finance

India's forex reserves at US$ 740.803 billion as on 28 August 2026

Week ended 28 August 2026 (published 4 September) | Reserve Bank of India

RBI's Weekly Statistical Supplement extract shows India's total reserves at US$ 740,803 million (Rs 70,66,658 crore) as on 28 August 2026, up US$ 11,475 million over the week and US$ 49,696 million above end-March 2026.

Foreign currency assets stood at US$ 600,670 million, up US$ 9,337 million over the week.

Exam takeaway: The previous reading was US$ 729,328 million as on 21 August.

Quick revision: Forex reserves at US$ 740.803 bn (RBI WSS, 4 September 2026).

Economy and Finance

3-day VRRR auction of 4 September 2026 accepts Rs 5,41,975 crore; 30-day VRRR announced

4 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

In the 3-day Variable Rate Reverse Repo auction held on 4 September 2026, against a notified amount of Rs 7,00,000 crore, offers of Rs 5,41,975 crore were received and all accepted at a cut-off rate of 5.24 per cent.

RBI separately announced a 30-day VRRR auction for 7 September 2026 with a notified amount of Rs 7,00,000 crore, reversing on 7 October 2026, with an option of premature reversal through e-Kuber. This is an announcement; the result is a separate release.

Exam takeaway: The 30-day auction carries a premature reversal option.

Quick revision: 3-day VRRR result of 4 September (RBI).

Economy and Finance

30-day VRRR auction of 7 September 2026 accepts Rs 2,59,276 crore

7 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

In the 30-day Variable Rate Reverse Repo auction held on 7 September 2026, against a notified amount of Rs 7,00,000 crore, offers of Rs 2,59,276 crore were received and all accepted at a cut-off rate of 5.24 per cent.

RBI also announced a second, overnight VRRR auction for 7 September with a notified amount of Rs 5,00,000 crore, reversing on 8 September. That auction's result is a separate release.

Exam takeaway: This was the 30-day auction announced on 4 September.

Quick revision: 30-day VRRR result of 7 September (RBI).

Economy and Finance

Overnight VRRR auction of 8 September 2026 accepts Rs 4,17,609 crore

8 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

In the overnight (1-day) Variable Rate Reverse Repo auction held on 8 September 2026, against a notified amount of Rs 5,00,000 crore, offers of Rs 4,17,609 crore were received and all accepted at a cut-off rate of 5.24 per cent.

Exam takeaway: The cut-off rate has stayed at 5.24% across recent auctions.

Quick revision: Overnight VRRR result of 8 September (RBI).

Economy and Finance

RBI announces Rs 6,00,000 crore overnight VRRR auction for 10 September 2026

9 September 2026 (announcement) | Reserve Bank of India

RBI announced an overnight Variable Rate Reverse Repo (VRRR) auction under the LAF for Thursday, 10 September 2026, with a notified amount of Rs 6,00,000 crore, window 9:30 to 10:00 a.m., reversal on 11 September 2026.

This is an announcement; the result is a separate release. The operational guidelines remain those in Press Release 2019-2020/1947 dated 13 February 2020.

Exam takeaway: The notified amount is larger than the Rs 5,00,000 crore of 8 September.

Quick revision: Overnight VRRR announced for 10 September (RBI, 9 September 2026).

Economy and Finance

4-day VRRR auction of 11 September 2026 accepts Rs 3,44,864 crore

11 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

In the 4-day Variable Rate Reverse Repo auction held on 11 September 2026, against a notified amount of Rs 5,00,000 crore, offers of Rs 3,44,864 crore were received and all accepted at a cut-off rate of 5.24 per cent.

RBI also announced an overnight VRRR auction for 15 September 2026 of Rs 5,00,000 crore, reversing on 16 September.

Exam takeaway: Its 4-day tenor spans the weekend.

Quick revision: 4-day VRRR result of 11 September (RBI).

Economy and Finance

WPI inflation for August 2026 at 9.92 per cent on the new base year 2022-23

14 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB's release on provisional Wholesale Price Index (base year 2022-23) estimates said all-India WPI inflation for August 2026 was 9.92 per cent year on year, against 9.78 per cent in July 2026. The All Commodities index stood at 110.8, against 110.0 in July.

Year-on-year inflation was 7.76 per cent for Primary Articles, 22.93 per cent for Fuel and Power, and 8.37 per cent for Manufactured Products, compared with 8.52, 20.05 and 8.29 per cent in July.

Exam takeaway: WPI base year was updated to 2022-23 in this series.

Quick revision: WPI inflation for August 2026 (PIB, 14 September 2026).

Economy and Finance

RBI announces Rs 2,50,000 crore overnight VRRR auction for 16 September 2026

15 September 2026 (announcement) | Reserve Bank of India

RBI announced an overnight Variable Rate Reverse Repo (VRRR) auction under the LAF on Wednesday, 16 September 2026, with a notified amount of Rs 2,50,000 crore, window 9:30 to 10:00 a.m., reversal on 17 September 2026. The result is a separate release.

The notified amount is half the Rs 5,00,000 crore of the 15 September overnight auction announced on 11 September.

Exam takeaway: The lower notified amount follows a series of Rs 5,00,000 crore auctions.

Quick revision: Overnight VRRR announced for 16 September (RBI, 15 September 2026).

Economy and Finance

Overnight VRRR auction of 16 September 2026: Rs 2,50,025 crore accepted with partial acceptance

16 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

In the overnight Variable Rate Reverse Repo auction held on 16 September 2026, against a notified amount of Rs 2,50,000 crore, offers of Rs 3,17,088 crore were received and Rs 2,50,025 crore was accepted at a cut-off rate of 5.24 per cent.

Because offers exceeded the notified amount, partial acceptance applied: 66.9 per cent of offers received at the cut-off rate were accepted.

Exam takeaway: Earlier auctions this month were all accepted in full.

Quick revision: Overnight VRRR result of 16 September (RBI).

Economy and Finance

Overnight VRRR auction of 17 September 2026 accepts Rs 2,39,959 crore

17 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

In the overnight Variable Rate Reverse Repo auction held on 17 September 2026, against a notified amount of Rs 3,00,000 crore, offers of Rs 2,39,959 crore were received and all accepted at a cut-off rate of 5.24 per cent.

Exam takeaway: Offers were below the notified amount, so no partial acceptance applied.

Quick revision: Overnight VRRR result of 17 September (RBI).

Economy and Finance

3-day VRRR of 18 September 2026 accepts Rs 2,22,629 crore; overnight VRRR announced for 21 September

18 September 2026 | Reserve Bank of India

In the 3-day Variable Rate Reverse Repo auction held on 18 September 2026, against a notified amount of Rs 2,25,000 crore, offers of Rs 2,22,629 crore were received and all accepted at a cut-off rate of 5.24 per cent.

RBI also announced an overnight VRRR auction for Monday, 21 September 2026 with a notified amount of Rs 1,00,000 crore, reversing on 22 September. The result is a separate release.

Exam takeaway: Notified amounts have been falling since the Rs 7,00,000 crore auctions of early September.

Quick revision: 3-day VRRR result of 18 September (RBI).

Economy and Finance

NLMC Board recommends monetisation proposals worth over Rs 5,000 crore

19 September 2026 (meeting held 18 September) | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the 21st meeting of the Board of Directors of National Land Monetization Corporation Limited (NLMC) was held on 18 September 2026 to review its asset monetisation programme and financial performance. The Board considered and recommended monetisation proposals involving assets valued at over Rs 5,000 crore.

The proposals cover surplus land and building assets, and the Board approved the Annual Financial Statements and Directors' Report for FY 2025-26.

Exam takeaway: NLMC works on surplus assets of CPSEs and other Government entities.

Quick revision: NLMC Board meeting (PIB, 19 September 2026).

Economy and Finance

SEBI Board's 215th meeting: new Portfolio Managers Regulations, 2026 approved

24 September 2026 | Securities and Exchange Board of India

The 215th meeting of the SEBI Board was held in Mumbai on 24 September 2026. The Board approved introducing the SEBI (Portfolio Managers) Regulations, 2026 in supersession of the 2020 Regulations, aiming at development of the PMS industry, ease of compliance, consolidation of provisions and removal of redundant provisions.

Key measures include permitting investment in IPOs and primary market issuance in the debt market, and enabling investment of up to 10% of client AUM in investment-grade, non-convertible, unlisted debt securities under Discretionary Portfolio Management Services with client consent.

Exam takeaway: The Board also approved the SEBI (Settlement of Administrative and Civil Proceedings) Regulations, 2026.

Quick revision: SEBI Board meeting (24 September 2026).

Economy and Finance

SEBI Settlement Regulations, 2026 approved with a new settlement amount formula

24 September 2026 | Securities and Exchange Board of India

At its 24 September 2026 meeting the SEBI Board approved the SEBI (Settlement of Administrative and Civil Proceedings) Regulations, 2026, replacing the SEBI (Settlement Proceedings) Regulations, 2018. They come into force the day after the 30th day from notification.

Settlement Amount is computed as Base Amount x (S + R + G + A - M) + Legal Costs, and wrongful gains are disgorged separately to remove double counting. Before a show cause notice, SEBI will issue a settlement notice giving 60 days to file a settlement application.

Exam takeaway: The factors S, R, G, A and M stand for stage, regulatory action, gravity, aggravating and mitigating.

Quick revision: SEBI Settlement Regulations (24 September 2026).

Economy and Finance

Government's H2 FY 2026-27 market borrowing plan: Rs 7,86,000 crore

25 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the Government of India, in consultation with the RBI, decided on 25 September 2026 to borrow Rs 7,86,000 crore in the second half (H2) of FY 2026-27, including Sovereign Green Bonds issuance of Rs 15,000 crore. The borrowing is to be completed through 23 weekly auctions.

For FY 2026-27 as a whole, market borrowing through dated securities is expected at Rs 15,99,506 crore against Budget Estimates of Rs 17,20,000 crore. The 10-year tenor has the largest share at 26.3 per cent, and the Government retains a greenshoe option of up to Rs 2,000 crore per security.

Exam takeaway: A greenshoe option lets the issuer retain extra subscription beyond the notified amount.

Quick revision: H2 borrowing plan (PIB, 25 September 2026).

Economy and Finance

Finance Minister Sitharaman's Qatar visit for the 11th AIIB Annual Meeting

27 September 2026 (announced) | Press Information Bureau

PIB announced on 27 September 2026 that Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman will make an official visit to Qatar from 27 to 29 September 2026. She will attend the 11th Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), scheduled in Doha on 28 September 2026, as India's Governor to the AIIB.

PIB said India is the second largest shareholder of the bank. The Minister is also scheduled to hold bilateral meetings with the AIIB President and counterparts from Jordan, Switzerland, Algeria, Saudi Arabia and Nepal. This edition reports the announced schedule only.

Exam takeaway: The announcement describes a scheduled visit; outcomes are not reported here.

Quick revision: FM visit to Qatar for AIIB meeting (PIB, 27 September 2026).

Economy and Finance

CBDT extends ITR due date for audit cases for AY 2026-27 to 21 November 2026

28 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has extended the due date for furnishing the Return of Income for Assessment Year 2026-27, for persons subject to audit under the Income-tax Act, 1961, from 31 October 2026 to 21 November 2026.

Accordingly, the specified date for furnishing the report of audit stands extended from 30 September 2026 to 21 October 2026.

Exam takeaway: The extension applies to persons covered at Serial No. 2 in the table under Explanation 2 to section 139(1).

Quick revision: CBDT extension (PIB, 28 September 2026).

Government Schemes

BIO-NIVESH platform launched to connect biotechnology innovators and investors

3 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said Dr Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, held a joint round table with startups and investors on 3 September 2026 and launched BIO-NIVESH, a strategic platform to strengthen engagement between biotechnology innovators and the investor community.

He said innovation is incomplete without investment and that India must not be a late entrant in the next biotechnology-driven industrial revolution.

Exam takeaway: Dr Jitendra Singh holds Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, PMO and Atomic Energy and Space portfolios as Minister of State.

Quick revision: BIO-NIVESH launch (PIB, 3 September 2026).

Government Schemes

Coal Ministry clarifies position on Rs 37,500 crore coal and lignite gasification scheme

5 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the Ministry of Coal called press reports that the Rs 37,500 crore Scheme for Promotion of Surface Coal/Lignite Gasification Projects had attracted no applications premature and not reflective of the scheme's status.

The Union Cabinet approved the scheme on 13 May 2026 with a total outlay of Rs 37,500 crore. It aims to speed up coal and lignite gasification and the conversion of domestic coal and lignite into syngas, methanol, ammonia and urea, reducing dependence on imported feedstock.

Exam takeaway: Gasification converts coal into syngas, a mix of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Quick revision: Coal gasification scheme clarification (PIB, 5 September 2026).

Government Schemes

16th National Meet of State Biodiversity Boards inaugurated in Chandigarh

6 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the 16th National Meet of State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) and Union Territory Biodiversity Councils (UTBCs) was inaugurated at Chandigarh on 6 September 2026. Organised by the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), the two-day meet runs from 6 to 7 September 2026.

Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav said States and UTs need to align rules, institutional mechanisms and implementation processes with the amended National Biodiversity Governance Framework, and stressed dynamic local-level planning to document local biodiversity and traditional knowledge.

Exam takeaway: The National Biodiversity Authority is a statutory body under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.

Quick revision: 16th National Meet of Biodiversity Boards (PIB, 6 September 2026).

Government Schemes

Coal Ministry says adequate coal supplied to Punjab power plants, citing PSPCL captive mine

6 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the Ministry of Coal clarified that adequate coal has been made available to Punjab's power plants, responding to media reports attributing reduced thermal generation to inadequate supply. It said Coal India Limited remains committed to uninterrupted coal supply for power generation across the country.

The note said supply of coal from PSPCL's captive Pachhwara Central Coal Mine to Independent Power Plants was enabled, subject to fulfilment of the statutory payment obligation to the State of Jharkhand, including use by plants not owned by PSPCL, such as Nabha Power.

Exam takeaway: PSPCL is the Punjab State Power Corporation Limited.

Quick revision: Coal supply to Punjab clarified (PIB, 6 September 2026).

Government Schemes

Defence Acquisition Council accords AoN for capital acquisitions worth about Rs 1.10 lakh crore

7 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau (Hindi release; English page not read)

PIB's release said the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, accorded Acceptance of Necessity (AoN), an in-principle administrative approval, on 7 September 2026 to various acquisition proposals for the armed forces with an estimated cost of about Rs 1,10,000 crore.

For the Army, the approvals include CBRN reconnaissance vehicles, high mobility vehicles, automatic mechanical minelaying vehicles, Advanced Light Helicopters, trawl tanks and Sarvatra bridge systems.

Exam takeaway: AoN is the first step in the defence procurement process.

Quick revision: DAC approvals of 7 September 2026 (PIB).

Government Schemes

PM dedicates development projects worth over Rs 35,000 crore in Vadodara, marking Dedicated Freight Corridor completion

8 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid foundation stones, inaugurated and dedicated to the nation development projects worth more than Rs 35,000 crore in Vadodara, Gujarat on 8 September 2026.

In his address he marked the completion of the 2,800-kilometre Dedicated Freight Corridor and said the Eastern and Western Dedicated Freight Corridors are transforming the commercial landscape. He described the corridor as the lifeline of a rapidly developing India.

Exam takeaway: Dedicated Freight Corridors carry goods on tracks separate from passenger trains.

Quick revision: Vadodara projects (PIB, 8 September 2026).

Government Schemes

CCEA approves five railway projects worth Rs 10,021 crore in South India

9 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, chaired by the Prime Minister, approved five Ministry of Railways projects with a total cost of about Rs 10,021 crore, to be completed up to 2029-30. They are Arakkonam-Renigunta 3rd and 4th line (77 km), Whitefield-Bangarapet 3rd and 4th line (47 km), Hosur-Omalur doubling (147 km), Salem-Karur-Dindigul doubling (159 km) and multitracking of Secunderabad (Ghatkesar)-Kazipet (110 km).

The projects are planned on the PM-Gati Shakti National Master Plan.

Exam takeaway: CCEA is the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs.

Quick revision: Five railway projects approved (PIB, 9 September 2026).

Government Schemes

CCEA approves three railway projects worth Rs 10,783 crore: Kharagpur-Jharsuguda, Katni-Pendra Road, Bilaspur-Pendra Road

9 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the CCEA approved three separate Ministry of Railways projects with a total cost of Rs 10,783 crore, planned to be completed up to 2029-30: the Kharagpur-Jharsuguda (Bagdehi) 4th line, the Katni-Pendra Road 4th line and the Bilaspur (Uslapur)-Pendra Road 3rd line.

The increased line capacity is meant to improve operational efficiency and service reliability, and the projects are on the PM-Gati Shakti National Master Plan.

Exam takeaway: Together with the other railway approval of the day, over Rs 20,000 crore was cleared.

Quick revision: Three railway projects approved (PIB, 9 September 2026).

Government Schemes

Nadda: 631 Critical Care Blocks sanctioned under PM-ABHIM

12 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said Union Health Minister J P Nadda, speaking on 12 September 2026, said that under PM-ABHIM the Government of India has sanctioned 631 Critical Care Blocks across States and Union Territories, creating a nationwide network of critical-care capacity.

He said PM-ABHIM was conceived to strengthen the health system's ability to respond to future pandemics and public health emergencies while ensuring continuity of routine healthcare, and praised Andhra Pradesh's Sanjeevani programme, which facilitates testing for 41 health parameters.

Exam takeaway: PM-ABHIM is the Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission.

Quick revision: PM-ABHIM Critical Care Blocks (PIB, 12 September 2026).

Government Schemes

Bhupender Yadav reviews Great Indian Bustard, grassland and Project Cheetah programmes at Bhuj

13 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav chaired a review of flagship programmes at Bhuj, Kachchh, Gujarat on 13 September 2026, covering the Great Indian Bustard (GIB), grassland restoration and Project Cheetah. He said conservation must move from individual species to restoration of whole landscapes.

On the GIB, a roadmap prepared with the Wildlife Institute of India and the Gujarat Forest Department aims at a minimum viable population of over 30 birds and 200 to 500 sq. km of safe, contiguous habitat, with the immediate focus on the roughly 200 sq. km Lala-Rawa landscape. In Naliya, about 11 sq. km of grassland infested with Prosopis juliflora has been restored and a GIB Soft Release Centre has been developed.

Exam takeaway: The Wildlife Institute of India is based in Dehradun.

Quick revision: GIB and landscape review at Bhuj (PIB, 13 September 2026).

Government Schemes

PIB explainer: Incentive Scheme for Domestic PNG Connections, 1.74 crore connections, 309 Geographical Areas

13 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB's explainer said PNGRB has authorised City Gas Distribution entities in 309 Geographical Areas, spanning the entire mainland, and that there were 1.74 crore domestic PNG connections as of 18 August 2026. The Incentive Scheme for Promotion of Domestic PNG Connections was launched on 18 August 2026 and came into effect from 1 September 2026.

The scheme rewards CGD entities for converting unbilled connections into active billed ones: for each incremental billed domestic connection beyond a minimum threshold for the Geographical Area, an entity earns an additional allocation of 200 SCM of domestic APM gas, replacing costlier LNG used in the CNG (Transport) segment. The payback period on a domestic connection is expected to fall from about ten years to nearly three years.

Exam takeaway: PNGRB is the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board.

Quick revision: Domestic PNG incentive scheme explained (PIB, 13 September 2026).

Government Schemes

DRI seizes over 362 MT of Pakistan-origin dry dates under Operation Deep Manifest

14 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) seized more than 362 metric tonnes of Pakistan-origin dry dates under Operation Deep Manifest. DRI officers intercepted 13 containers imported by a Mumbai-based firm at CFS Ambad, Nashik, with documents declaring the UAE as the country of origin.

Preliminary investigation found a transshipment arrangement: the dry dates were shipped from Karachi Port to Jebel Ali Port, UAE, to hide the Pakistan origin, in an attempt to circumvent India's prohibition on imports from Pakistan.

Exam takeaway: DRI is under the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs.

Quick revision: DRI Operation Deep Manifest (PIB, 14 September 2026).

Government Schemes

Six Yamuna basin States sign Kishau Multipurpose Project agreement

15 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Delhi and Haryana signed the Kishau Multipurpose Project agreement on 15 September 2026 in the presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah and Jal Shakti Minister C R Patil. The project is a national project, with about 90 per cent of the financial burden to be borne by the Government of India and 10 per cent by the partner States.

The project has a 232.6-metre-high concrete dam in Himachal Pradesh with water storage of 1,562 million cubic metres, will irrigate 97,000 hectares and generate 1,476 million units of hydropower, with Delhi to get the biggest benefit.

Exam takeaway: Kishau dam is on the Tons river, a tributary of the Yamuna.

Quick revision: Kishau Multipurpose Project agreement (PIB, 15 September 2026).

Government Schemes

Cabinet raises EPFO wage ceiling from Rs 15,000 to Rs 25,000 per month; over 51 lakh more employees covered

16 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister, approved the Ministry of Labour and Employment's proposal to raise the wage ceiling for mandatory coverage under the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) from Rs 15,000 to Rs 25,000 per month. More than 51 lakh additional employees are expected to come under mandatory EPFO coverage.

The ceiling was last revised to Rs 15,000 in September 2014. Employees in the Rs 15,000 to Rs 25,000 band will gain provident fund savings, pension under the Employees' Pension Scheme (EPS) and insurance under the Employees' Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme (EDLI), as per the applicable scheme provisions.

Exam takeaway: EPS and EDLI are the pension and insurance parts of the EPF framework.

Quick revision: EPFO wage ceiling raised (PIB, 16 September 2026).

Government Schemes

EPFO wage ceiling of Rs 25,000 takes effect from 17 September 2026

17 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the Cabinet-approved increase in the EPFO wage ceiling from Rs 15,000 to Rs 25,000 per month has come into effect from 17 September 2026, coinciding with Vishwakarma Jayanti. The revision comes after nearly 12 years and is expected to bring around 51 lakh additional employees within the EPF framework.

This follows the Cabinet decision reported by PIB on 16 September.

Exam takeaway: The first reporting of the decision was in the 16 September edition.

Quick revision: EPFO wage ceiling effective date (PIB, 17 September 2026).

Government Schemes

Semicon 2.0: PIB explainer on the Rs 1,27,500 crore programme and its six pillars

17 September 2026 (carried forward; PIB explainer dated 17 September) | Press Information Bureau

Carried forward from 17 September 2026: a PIB explainer said that, building on Semicon 1.0, the Union Cabinet approved Semicon 2.0 on 15 July 2026 with an outlay of Rs 1,27,500 crore.

It said the programme advances the next phase through six strategic pillars: research and development, chip design, machines and materials, setting up more fabs, talent development, and strengthening the ATMP/OSAT industry.

Exam takeaway: ATMP and OSAT cover assembly, testing, marking and packaging of chips.

Quick revision: Semicon 2.0 explainer (PIB, 17 September 2026).

Government Schemes

SEMICON India 2026 concludes at Yashobhoomi with 51,000-plus registrations and 56 MoUs

19 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said SEMICON India 2026, the fifth edition of India's flagship semiconductor conference, concluded on 19 September 2026 at Yashobhoomi, New Delhi, after being held from 17 to 19 September under the theme 'Silicon to Systems: Building the Ecosystem'.

The three-day event recorded more than 51,000 registrations and around 40,000 cumulative footfall, with over 600 exhibitors including around 300 international companies, representatives from 52 countries, six Country Pavilions, 12 State Pavilions and 56 MoUs, announcements and strategic initiatives.

Exam takeaway: Country Pavilions were Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Singapore and Sweden.

Quick revision: SEMICON India 2026 concludes (PIB, 19 September 2026).

Government Schemes

Two-day conference on 'Financing India's Journey towards Viksit Bharat' concludes in New Delhi

19 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the conference on 'Financing India's Journey towards Viksit Bharat', with Finance Ministers and Finance Secretaries of States and Union Territories with legislature and experts from academia, industry, banking and policymaking, concluded in New Delhi on 19 September 2026 after two days.

Day One focused on macroeconomic priorities, savings, investment and fiscal resilience; Day Two on agricultural transformation and energy transition, with short sessions on the role of technology, banking and measuring GSDP. The Union Finance Minister attended.

Exam takeaway: GSDP is Gross State Domestic Product.

Quick revision: Viksit Bharat financing conference (PIB, 19 September 2026).

Government Schemes

President Murmu addresses NGT conference on 'The Future of Environment and Climate Dynamics'

20 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said President Droupadi Murmu graced the valedictory session of the International Conference on 'The Future of Environment and Climate Dynamics', organised by the National Green Tribunal (NGT), in New Delhi on 20 September 2026.

She stressed strengthening climate resilience through people-centric and community-based adaptation approaches rooted in traditional knowledge. A second PIB release said the two-day conference was also attended by Union Minister Manohar Lal, Supreme Court Judge Justice B.V. Nagarathna, NGT Chairperson Justice Prakash Shrivastava and Solicitor General Tushar Mehta.

Exam takeaway: The President urged adaptation approaches rooted in traditional knowledge.

Quick revision: NGT climate conference (PIB, 20 September 2026).

Government Schemes

Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin Phase II: PIB feature on rural sanitation

20 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

A PIB feature of 20 September 2026 said rural sanitation coverage stood at 39 percent when the Swachh Bharat Mission began in 2014. By 2019, rural India had achieved 100 percent sanitation coverage, with more than 10.28 crore toilets constructed between 2014 and 2019, and was declared Open Defecation Free (ODF) in 2019.

The focus then shifted to SBM-Gramin Phase II, which aims at sustaining ODF status and strengthening Solid and Liquid Waste Management at village level.

Exam takeaway: An ODF Plus village sustains ODF status and manages waste effectively.

Quick revision: SBM-G Phase II (PIB, 20 September 2026).

Government Schemes

7th National Formulary of India launched; Biovigilance Programme announced

21 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said Union MoS for Health Anupriya Patel launched the 7th Edition of the National Formulary of India (NFI) on 21 September 2026 at the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission's 6th National Pharmacovigilance Week programme in New Delhi, and announced the Biovigilance Programme of India, approved by the Government, under which the IPC will lead monitoring of adverse events linked to organ and tissue transplantation.

PIB said India rose from 123rd position to 8th globally in contributions to the WHO patient safety database, and around 1,150 ADR Reporting Centres are operational. The Pharmacovigilance Week runs from 17 to 23 September 2026.

Exam takeaway: IPC is the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission.

Quick revision: National Formulary of India (PIB, 21 September 2026).

Government Schemes

UDAN next phase: Civil Aviation Ministry signs 21 MoUs with States and UTs

22 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the Ministry of Civil Aviation signed 21 Memoranda of Understanding with States and Union Territories under the next phase of the UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) Scheme on 22 September 2026 in New Delhi. Civil Aviation Minister Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu inaugurated the ceremony.

The Minister said that since its launch UDAN has operationalised 687 routes and 95 aerodromes, with more than 3.66 lakh flights carrying around 1.71 crore passengers.

Exam takeaway: UDAN aims to expand regional air connectivity to underserved and unserved regions.

Quick revision: UDAN next phase MoUs (PIB, 22 September 2026).

Government Schemes

9th India International Water Week inaugurated by the Vice-President

22 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said Vice-President C. P. Radhakrishnan inaugurated the 9th India International Water Week (IIWW) 2026 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, on 22 September 2026. The five-day event, organised by the Ministry of Jal Shakti from 22 to 26 September 2026, has the theme 'Climate Resilient Water Management'.

PIB noted that the event, held in earlier editions as India Water Week, has evolved into India International Water Week.

Exam takeaway: The event is organised by the Ministry of Jal Shakti.

Quick revision: India International Water Week (PIB, 22 September 2026).

Government Schemes

CAQM approves revised GRAP schedule for the National Capital Region

29 September 2026 (meeting held 28 September) | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the 30th meeting of the Full Commission of the Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas (CAQM), held on 28 September 2026 under Chairperson Rajesh Verma, approved modifications to the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) Schedule for the NCR.

The changes include moving actions on DG Sets and entry of BS-IV and below buses from Stage-II to Stage-I, and extending restrictions on BS-III petrol and BS-IV diesel LMVs to Sonipat in addition to Gurugram, Faridabad, Ghaziabad and Gautam Budh Nagar.

Exam takeaway: GRAP is a stage-wise set of anti-pollution measures for the NCR.

Quick revision: CAQM revised GRAP (PIB, 29 September 2026).

Government Schemes

National Agriculture Conference - Rabi Campaign 2026: PM-RKVY support of over Rs 1,200 crore

29 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said that on the second day of the National Agriculture Conference - Rabi Campaign 2026, Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan called for a 'Team Agriculture' approach between the Centre and States.

More than Rs 1,200 crore of PM-RKVY support was sanctioned to 10 States at the conference, and a nationwide 'Khet Bachao Abhiyan' was announced, according to the release headlines.

Exam takeaway: PM-RKVY is Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana.

Quick revision: National Agriculture Conference (PIB, 29 September 2026).

Government Schemes

Cabinet approves Rabi MSP for Marketing Season 2027-28

30 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), chaired by the Prime Minister, approved the increase in Minimum Support Prices for all mandated Rabi crops for Marketing Season 2027-28 on 30 September 2026.

The highest absolute increase is for Safflower at Rs 675 per quintal, followed by Rapeseed and Mustard at Rs 413. Wheat MSP rises by Rs 25 to Rs 2,610 per quintal, Gram by Rs 83 to Rs 5,958, Lentil by Rs 390 to Rs 7,390 and Barley by Rs 136 to Rs 2,286.

Exam takeaway: MSP is fixed for six Rabi crops: wheat, barley, gram, lentil, rapeseed and mustard, and safflower.

Quick revision: Rabi MSP 2027-28 (PIB, 30 September 2026).

Government Schemes

Cabinet approves Green Energy Corridor Phase-III with Battery Energy Storage

30 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said the Union Cabinet approved the Green Energy Corridor Phase-III (GEC-III) scheme on 30 September 2026 to strengthen the Intra-State Transmission System and enable evacuation of up to 135 GW of renewable energy, with deployment of 50 GWh of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS).

The scheme is targeted to be set up by FY 2032-33 with a total outlay of Rs 1,86,405 crore, comprising Rs 1,36,378 crore for transmission and Rs 50,000 crore for BESS, and total Central Financial Support of Rs 54,082 crore.

Exam takeaway: Greenfield projects use Tariff Based Competitive Bidding; brownfield works use Cost Plus Basis.

Quick revision: GEC-III (PIB, 30 September 2026).

Appointments, Awards and Important Days

PM congratulates Indian Women's Cricket Team on winning the Asia Cup

14 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated the Indian Women's Cricket Team on winning the Asia Cup, saying the team's confidence, consistency and remarkable spirit were on full display throughout the tournament.

He hoped the triumph would inspire millions of youngsters across the country to play more and shine.

Exam takeaway: The release does not give the final score.

Quick revision: PM congratulates Women's team on Asia Cup (PIB, 14 September 2026).

National and International Affairs

Keel laid for first Next Generation Missile Vessel at Cochin Shipyard

18 September 2026 (PIB release dated 19 September) | Press Information Bureau

Carried forward from 18 September 2026: PIB said the keel laying ceremony of the first ship of the Indian Navy's Next Generation Missile Vessel (NGMV) project was held at Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL), Kochi, on 18 September 2026. Vice Admiral Sanjay Sadhu, Controller of Warship Production and Acquisition, was the Chief Guest.

The contract for construction of the NGMVs was concluded with CSL in March 2023.

Exam takeaway: A keel laying marks the formal start of a ship's construction.

Quick revision: NGMV keel laying (PIB, 18 September 2026).

National and International Affairs

Election Commission decisions on SIR hearings, help desks and ECINET review

26 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB published decisions taken at a meeting of the Election Commission held on 26 September 2026. For persons issued notices during the ongoing SIR for being unmapped or for logical discrepancies, BLOs will visit homes to collect documents and upload them on ECINet for decision by the ERO, and such persons need not be called for a hearing; online hearings will be held only in exceptional circumstances.

District Election Officers will set up help desks or special camps for people in night shelters and similar groups. The declaration attached to Form 6 for SIR has been upheld by the Supreme Court. A committee headed by a Senior Deputy Election Commissioner, including an independent expert from IIT or IIIT, will review ECINET for compliance with the Acts and Rules.

Exam takeaway: SIR is the Special Intensive Revision of electoral rolls; BLO is Booth Level Officer and ERO is Electoral Registration Officer.

Quick revision: Election Commission decisions (PIB, 26 September 2026).

National and International Affairs

Amit Shah inaugurates conference on 'PRAHAAR - CT Policy and Strategy'

28 September 2026 | Press Information Bureau

PIB said Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the Conference on 'PRAHAAR - CT Policy and Strategy' in New Delhi on 28 September 2026. The Conference deliberated upon the seven pillars of PRAHAAR: Prevention, Response, Aggregating Internal Capacities, Human Rights, Attenuating Conditions for Terrorism, Aligning International Efforts and Recovery and Resilience, through a whole-of-society approach.

PIB said the Government has adopted a 'zero-tolerance' policy against all forms of terrorism and the Home Minister called for implementation of PRAHAAR down to the police station level.

Exam takeaway: CT stands for counter-terrorism.

Quick revision: PRAHAAR conference (PIB, 28 September 2026).